Apparatus for aerial navigation.



Y. ROLLAND.

APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION.

APPLICATION FILED APEJ. 1911.

Patented Aug. 22, 1911 6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

15/05 figllcuzd/ 0 M W 0 11. ROLLAND. APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1. 1911.

1,001,309; Patented Aug.22 1911.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1 4 1 5 five/ZZZ!"- 5565' .25 1 M w V X/"e5 Follcuzab m l8 y 0 Y. ROLLAND. APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1. 1911.

' Patented Aug. 22, 1911.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

05- b y MM Y. ROLLAND.

APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION.

APPLICATION FILED APB.1. 1911.

Patented Aug.22, 1911.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Y. ROLLAND.

APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1. 1911.

1,001,309. Patented Aug. 22, 1911.

Q SHEETS-SHEET 6.

' XIGSEOZZCUW Y. ROLLAND.

APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1. 1911.

1,001,309. i Patented Aug. 22, 1911.

6 SHEETS-$111131 6.

1,001,309. APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION. Yves Romutxo, (thicago, Ill., assignor to Lewis G. Doggett, Chicago, Ill. Filed Apr. 1, 1911. b'erial No. (318,351.

To all whom it may concern.

tie it. known that 1', Yves Rouutxn, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of lllinois, have invented certain new and use.-

ful lmprm'ements in A paratas for Aerial Navigation; and 1 do tereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked t iereon, which form a part of this specification. This invention relates to an improvement,

in apparatus aml means for aerial naviga-g tion, amt more especially to means for au-; tomatieally balancing the apparatus or furl counteracting the effect of air currents that. may teml to ti or tilt the apparatus either laterally or endwise.

The invention consists in the matters hereinafter described amt pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings illnstrating my invention: Figure 1 is a plan view of a tlying nutehine or apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. .2 is a view in central vertical section on a larger scale, of the main or central part of the apparatus. Fig.- 3 is a horizontal or plan section through the shell or casing which int-lo es the principal 1 workiln parts, showing in plan view the devices it nstrated in Fig. 2. Fig. t is a transverse section, talten upon line -t-4 of Fi .2. Fig. l' is a transverse section, taken upon line ti- -ti of Fig. 3. Fig. ii is an enlar"ed detailed section of one of the motor cy inders, for operating the shutters of the lat cral wing members, shown in Figs. 2, 3 amt l. is a view in ltmgitudinal, vertical Fig. 4 section of one of the lateral snpiorting1 planes or wings of the apparatus. big. 8 is a cross-section taken upon line 8-t-t of Fig. 7. Fig. .9 is a cross-section, taken upon t line t ll of Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is a detail plan 1 view of the motor cylinder which operates t der amt tail member.

tlm movable section of the horizontal rnd- Fig. It is a detail plan section, tultcn horizontally through the controlling weights of the apparatus, amt showing in plan view the parts directly operated by said weights. "ig. It! is a sectional view, tulten upon line lib--12 of Fig. 11, illustrating in side elevation the parts shown in said Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a view in side elevation of the forward eml of the. apparatus and the horizontal rudder. Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the forward end of the aipnratas and the horizontal rudder there ocated. Fig. 15 is a perspective view ot the tail member of the apparatus, to :lctltct' with the vertically arranged steering nn-mbcr or rudder. =\'ie\\' corres mnding generally with Fig. 4, illustrating a moditied form of construction tcmbracing laterally extending controlling wing Fig. IT is a transverse section of the a iparatns corrcs mnding generally with Fig. 4, showing moditicd construction in the devices for maintaining lateral balance of the apparatus.

As shown in said drawings, 5 indiates the nmin frame or body of the apparatus, which, as shown, has the form of a horizontally arranged, tubular shell or casing, circnlar in cross-section amt tapered toward its ends, aml t and 7 imlicate forward and rear tapered or conical extensions of said main frame or body, which are made of lighter material than said nmin frame or body. As illustrated, said main frame or body consists of an exterior covering of sheet metal applied or attached to interior, annular still'cning ribs or rings 8, 8. 8. The said forward amt rear extensions t' amt 7 will preferably consist each of longitudinal frame members 9, St provided with a covering 10 of canvas or other llexible nntterial.

12, 12 imlicate main, lateral, supporting planes or win" members, which are attached to and extcmtoutavardly from the opposite sides of the frame or body As illustrated, (Figs. 7, 8 aml 1)) each of said wings consists Of-ltlll"lltltlllttll frame members 11), til, which are. piinctl with each other by transvcrsc-frmne members l-t. ll, nml a covering 15, of cloth or other suitable. light amt thin material which is stretched between aml secured to the said frame members. The. frames of the wing members are. rigidly attached to the sides of the main frame 5, preferably at a considerable distance above the level of the center of said body. Said wing members are connected with the body frlW means of tie-rods or wires tt, to, it 1 which are attached to the sides of the body to, near the bottom part of the same and exteml outwardly aml upwardly to the said wing members. to which the said rods or of the wing members, and at points inter- 'Iltttlltllt! the ends of the latter.- 'l'he wing Fig. l is a sectionalmembers are further stitl'ened and held in j t l wires are attached at or near the outer ends i l place by means of tension rods or wires it, t

1T, 17 connected at their inner ends with a post or standard 17, which rises from the top of the body 5, amt extending therefrom to the wings, being attached to the marginal frau" members at. the. outer ends of the wing members and at intermediate points along their side margins.

At the forward end of the apparatus is a horizontally arran ed rudder 18 (Figs. 13 and 14,) adapted to )e swung or turned on /0o/30fi a transverse, horizontal axis, and which is muler the. control of the operator for the purpose of changing the course. of the. apparatus upwardly or downwardly, or to effect. rising and falling movement of the same. .\t the rear eml of the apparatus is arranged a horizontal plane or tail memher, imlicated as a whole by 111, having the usual functions of such a tail member, in tending to maintain the longitudinal equilibrium of the apparatus when in flight. At the rear end of said tail member 19 is mounted a vertical or steering rudder .20, by which the course of the ap mratus is controlled.

.'lhe horizontal rut der 18 (Figs. 1, 13 amt 14,) is ctmstructed antl eonnceted with the main frame of the apparatus as follows: Attached to and extending for\\artll from the forward extension 6 of the body are two I horizontal, rigid frame members 21, .21, which form forward extensions of two of the longitudinal frame members, 9, 11, and converge toward each other at. their forward ends and are connected with eaeh other, at. a short distance rearwardly from their forward ends by a transverse frame member 22. Said forward ends of the frame members 21, 21, are provided with sockets or bearings 23, 28, in which is mounted a transverse, horizontal pivotrod .24. Said horizontal rudder, which as a whole is indicated by 18, consists of a forward rectangular portion 25 which is located forward of the. pivot rot] 2t, and two laterally arranged parts or wings 26, .213, located at the rear of the )ivot rod 2-1 and outside of the forward eiu of the body extension t). The parts 25, Q6. .26 of said horizontal rudder may he made in a suitable wa v, but, as shown, said parts consist of a nmin transverse frame member .27 with whieh the pivot- 1 rod 2-1 is directly engaged. two longitudimd frame members .28, 28 extending forward from said frame member 27. and two frame bars .211. 21 extending around the margins of the I(1H\\1t1'tll extending parts or wings: a covering of eloth or other tlexible amterial being applied to said frame lttelnbers 2T. 28. 21 in the usual manner. At-

' taehed to the. main transverse frame member 27 is a rigid arm or standard tltl'whieh rises from said frame member. to the up wr end of which is pivoted an eutlwise mova ble operating rod 111 throu 'h the means of which the horizontal rut der. as a whole, is swung or turned on its horizontal transverse axis. 'l'o suitably stitlen the frame of said horizontal rudder, tie-rods or wires #12, 3:3, 212 are extended from the up an end of the standard 30 outwardly and mvnwardly to the exterior corners of the frames of the members 25 and 20, 20. A ri'id arm or standard 33 extends downward y from the transverse frame member 27, and tie rods tttt (l ig. 15) arranged in the same horizontal plane antl which are connected with each other by a ring 9. their rear eudstoa frame casting 37. Transverselv arranged, horizontal frame arms 39,

means of two ltmgitudinal frame bars 31',

.m, to which is attached the. rear ends of the longitudinal frame bars 9, Saul frame-lau-s 30, 3t. are oined at;

W extend ()t1t \'1t1't'll from the framebarsll l. :11; aml flexible amterml is secured to and .stretehed between said frame bars 218, :18 so as to form two planes that together form the said tail member. The frame 'asting 37 is provided with an upright hearing sleeve 311 111 which is mounted an upright shaft 40.

carrying the vertieal or steering rudder 20.

Said shaft -10 is provided with lateral arms -12. to the outer ends of \\'l11tlt are eonneeted operating rods or wires -13, through which the rudder is swung or moved by the operator.

Now referring more specifically to the features of constructitm in the lateral supporting planes or wings, which form part of the. means for maintaining the lateral balance of the machine. a (onstruetion is provided as follows: Each of the wing members 12. 1). is provided (Figs. 1 and 7.) with a plurality of openings which, as shown in the drawings, are three in number, are of rectangular form and have their-greater dimensions extending transversely of the wing member. in connection with these openings are employed sliding gates or sluttters '15, to, '15 arranged to he moved in the direction of the plane of the wing member, M) as to com iletely eover or close the openings rcferret to, or to open or uncover the same to a desired extent. The. general purpose'of these sliding shutters is to permit the etleetive supporting area of either one. of the wing members to be decreased, in case of upwardly moving air currents aeting on such wing member to a nnmner to tip or tiltlaterally the entireapparatus. In other words, in case an all current nets upwardly 3 on one of the. wing members, or downwardly on the other wing member. thereby throwing the apparatus into an inclined position, air will pass through the openings formed by the movement. of the shutters of that one i of the wing members which is elevated or thrown upwardly, with the etl'eet of lessening the upward pressure on the. same, allowing it to deseend and the apparatus to resume its horizontal position. As illustrated. the several shutters 4.), 41', 45 are formed of thin rigid material and are arranged to slide at their side margins in grooved guide strips hers 14, 14 of the wing-frames.

- are arranged rotative controlling )lttlKS 50,

I itmer ends of the shafts ill with which they t are connected by means of universal jOllttS I wing members in the advance movement of the apparatus; sanl planes .30 in this respect 1 performing the same function performer Hi, Hi secured to the transverse frame mem- Attached to the innermost shutter 45 is an operating red 47, through which all of the shutters on each wing are operated and which extends into the body 5, wherein devices for operating the shutters are located. The several shutters are connected with each other by means of rods 48, 48 (Figs. 1 and 7).

At the outer emls of the wing members fa'l. Said controlling planes an, 50 are turned or moved by the operator for the 1 purpose of counteracting anv tendency of the apparatus to get. outv of mlance by the I rising or falling of the outer emls of the by iltc pivoted controlling ilanes heretofore used m apparatus of this (ind.

With respect to the horizontal rudder l3 and the tail member 1! devices are provided for increasing mal decreasing the areas of the same. so that the area of the rudder 18 will be decreased when that of the tail member is increased aml vice versa, as needed, to prevent the rear eml of the apparatus from rising above or falling below the normal iosition with respect to the line of flight; his action being automatic and itulependent of the tipping or tilting of the I apparatus etl'ected for the purpose of producing risin and falling movement thereof by the shifting of the said horizontal steerl iug rudder 18. i The expansihle and contractihle rudder and tail member described operate as does a weather-vtme, to maintain the longitudinal axis of the machine in the direction of the line of tli ht, the parts being so made that the area 0 the tail member is Increased whenever said tail member rises above or descends below its normal position, by the tiping or tilting of the apparatus in a transverse axis, so that the air n'cssure. in the rapid forward movement of the a iparatus, will act with increased ctl'eet on the under side of the tail member, if depressed, or on its upper side, if elevated, in a manner to swing the apparatus baclt to a position with its longitudinal axis In the direction of the line of tlight: the area of the ltUllZUttltti i t t rudder being decreased when that. of the tail ifeatnre of construction is to give a prel unnlcram-e of action in the tail ltttltllltl, in lease of an alnmrmal tipping of the appairatns longitudinally. such as may he prodnced h v irregular air currents acting mo nu-ntarily in n downward or upward direction on the horizontal rudder or tail memher. so thatthe air through which the apparatus is passing will act. on the tail incitiwr to swing the apparatus back to its normal position relatively to the line of flight, in the saute nnmncr that the action of the wind on a weather-ram holds the latter pointed in the direction from which the wind is coming.

lteferring now to the construction illustrated in the details by which this result is accomplished: In the case of the forward plane. as shown in Fig. 14, the forward section 25 thereof is provided with a vtram;- \'ctsel extending opening. located near its forward edge. horizontal. sliding shutter .35, consisting of fabric applied to a rectangular frame. is arranged to cover and close said opening or to be. shifted so as to partiall v or fully open the same. .\s illustrated. the shutter 55 slides at its ends in 5 guide grooves formed in the lateral frame members 2h, .28, and a longitudinally extending operating rod 5G is connected with said shutter for the purpose of giving backward amt forward movement. to the same.

i Hnid operating rod fit, is shown as being at taehed at its forward end to a transversely extending rod 57, the end portions of which are bent at right angles aml extend forwardly. parallel with the side margins of the shutter, and are attached to the front and rear members of the rectangular frame of said shutter.

in the case of the tail member 19, the lateral parts of the same are. provided with horizontally and laterallv sliding metuhcrs .33, AH, which are adapted to be extended to a greater or less distance beyond the exterior side margins of said parts, so as to increase or decrease the etl'ective area of the. tail member as a whole. As shown, the sliding numbers SS, 58 are of rectangular form and are engaged at the front and rear margins thereof with guide grooves found in the transverse frame members 38, 38. To give movement to said members 58. as, inwardlv and outwardly. as described. I have shown in the drawings a. construction in which an endwise movable operating rod 50 is pivotally connected at its rear end with the transverse. arms of two bell-crank levers 60, (it), which hell-crank lovers are pivoted on the frame members 38, 38 and have their longitudinal arms connected with the inner ends of tworigid arms til, )1 attached to and extending inwardly from the sliding members 58,

The operating rods 56 and 5!) for the niovable sections of the horizontal rudder and zlttil member, are connected, inside of the body 5, with operating means by which the rods are simultaneously so moved that the area of the rudder will be decreased when that of the tail member is increased, and such operating means is controlled automatically-by the tipping or tilting of the apparatns, as will be hereinafter described.

; Now referring to the means illustrated for tgiving movement to the slidinggates or shutters 45, 45, on the lateral wing memlbers 12, it mav first be stated thatdevices are provided for operating the shutters on ieach wing that are separate from and operiate independently of like devices for operating the shutters of the other wing, and these ,shutter operating devices embrace in each iinstance a motor 0 erated by suitable power, such as compresset air, together with means for controlling the operation of said motor, lemhi'aeing a movably supported or shifting weight, such as a pendulum, which is mountfed on the frame of the machine in such manner that its position on the frame will be iSlI flCd laterally in case of the tipping hf the machine from its normal or horizontal position.

Now referring in detail to the construction illustrated, Figs. 2, 3, 4, 6, 11 and 12 tin such devices for actuating the gates or shutters, and describing the devices used in connection with one of the wing members only, (it being understood that these devices are substantially alike or are duplicated for the two wing members,) indicates a horizontal, transversely arranged power cylinder mounted on the machine frame inside of the body 5. Said cylinder contains a piston (it). with which is connected a piston rod ()7 passing through one end or head of the cylinder. Said piston rod is connected at its outer end with a vertically arranged rocking lever (38, pivoted between its ends to a suitnhle supporting arm 68' and connected at its uppcr.end with the inner end of one of the operating rods 47 which, as before stated, extends from the interior of the hollow body of the apparatus outwardly to, and is con- 'nected with, the shutters 45. 45, 45. As shown in Fig. 4, the piston rod of the cylinder 65 atthe right hand side of the machine f is connected with the operating rod 47 belonging to the wing member at the opposite or left hand side of the ap aratus. Compressed air is supplied to tie cylinder 65 the usual manner.

l iiig valve 72.

kil-

from a storage tank (it) through a supply wipe T0. Said cylinder t3? is provided with a o communicates, and which contains a slid- T Said sliding valve is snbstan- 'alve chest Tl, with which the supply pipe ially like an ordinary D-valve, and operates g in connection with suitable admission and exhaust ports in the cylinder, arranged in The valve 72 is-attached to an endwise. sliding valve rod 73 which is connected with and is operated by a horizontal. transversely arranged red 74, ar-

ranged to slide endwise in suitable guides on the frame of the apparatus in the construc- .tion illustrated (as shown more plainly in Fig. e

The valve 72 is connected by a rocking lever 75 with the outer end of the 1 said rod 74. Said rod 74 is adapted to be acted u )on and moved endwise by a shifting wei ht 46 shown in the drawin s as havin Y 1 I. i D

the form of a pendulum, the same being supported by a suspension member 77 from the top of the shell or the body 5 of the apparatus. The weight 76, by reason of being movably supported or suspended, is adapted to be moved sidewise on or relatively to the frame or body of the apparatus, whenever the same is tipped or tilted laterally. When the weight so swings or moves sidewise, it operates on the rod 74, through the medium of transversely extending arms 78 and it) on the inner side of said rod 74, as clearly seen in Fig. 10; said transversely extending arms 78 and 79 being shown as formed by making a U-shapcd bend in the end portion of said rod, so that the part of the rod adjacent to the weight has a looped portion extending around t ree sides of the weight.

As clearly seen in Figs. 10 nml t1, the

' weight 7t),'being free to move or swing laterally when the frame of the machine is tipped or tilted sidewise will, when moved from its central position, come in contact. with one of the arms 78 or 79 on the rod 74 and thus move. or shift said rod endwise. The valve 72 is so arranged that. it stands normally atone end of its stroke and in position to permit. the air pressure to act constantly on the piston and hold the same at that end of its stroke in which the shutters -15, 453 are. closed. when the apparatus is level and the weight hangs centrally between the arms 79 and 79. If, however, the apparatus is tilted sidewise, the weight will swing toward the lower side of the apparatus and come in contact with the arm 7h to shift the valve. in a direction to admit air to the opposite end of the cylinder, with the result ,of inoying the piston in a direction to open the sa d shutters.

As illustrated, the piston stands normally at the outer end of the cyl- Iinder, and when air is admitted to such outer end of the same, the piston will be elevated wing will then bev relieved and the I tion is reached, the weight 76, swinging in y the opposite direction from its former I and thereby move or shift the rod 74 endforced toward the inner end of the cylimlcr thus swingim the lower end of the lever (3H,- inwardly and its upper end outwardly, andl moving the gates or shutters in a direction; to uncover the openings in the wing, wh chl has been lifted by the action of the air cur-5 rent. The upward pressure of air on the device will resume its normal or horizontal position, but. as soon as the horizontal posimovement, will strike the inner arm 79 wise in a direction to carry the valve to the op )osite limit of its movement and thus admit air to the opposite or inner end of the cylinder, and the air so admitted, acting on the piston, carries the same back to its original or normal position, with the ef feet of shifting the gates or valves .out-i wardly and closing the holes in the wing member; the air pressure remaining on the:

piston. so as to maintain the shutters closed until they are again operated. It. will be understood from the above. that in the. case of the controlling device for each wing. the

i movable weight 76. when the apparatus isg inclined from its normal position. will op-- eratc the valve of its associated cylinder to admit air to one end of the latter, when swung or moved latcrallv in one direction, and will operate said valve to admit air to the opposite end of the cylinder when swung or moved in the opposite direction, through the returning of the apparatus to its normal or horizontal ositlon.

From the foregoing description of the operation of these parts it will he manifest that the devices described atl'ord an automatic or self-acting means for maintaining the balance of the a paratus when in tlight, it being llllt'ltlSlOOt that when the apparatus is thrown out of level by the action of irregular air currents acting upwardly on one of the wings. or down \'ardl onf the other wing. the wing which is elevated i will be immediately deprived of sustaining, l

power by the lessening of its supporting E to! the sliding shutters on one of the. wing 3 members. th valve actuating rod H is proivided tl' igs. .2. 3. it and it!) with an enlargement S). which is tapered at its ends, in! has the form of a double cone. and is provided at its largest part. with an annular groove 83. ()n the. l'lhme of the. apparatus is pivotully m unted a lever 81 arranged to swing in a vertical plane at right angles to the rod T-l. the upper end of said lever is located at a mint adjacent to the operating rod 74, am is adapted to enter or engage the groove. 83, when the rod T-lis in its normal position; said lever being provided with a curved end portion to fit in said groove. as shown in Fig. .2. Said lever St is held by a spring 85, with its swinging end disengaged from the conical enhu'gement S2, and a foot-actuated lever 96 is connected with the lower end of said lever 84, and is arranged that downward prcssureofthe foot of the operator thereon will operate to throw the lever 8t into engagement with the said roove 83. If, therefore, the operator desires to prevent the automatic action of the balancing devices. he presses downwardly on the lever R6. and the lever til then engages the said groove 83 so as to lock the operating rod 74 from movement. and the parts may be maintained in this position so long as it may be found necessary.

The drawing shows a seat 87. for the operator. supported in position within and near the top of the tubular body 5 of the apparatus. Said body 5 is provided, above the seat. with an opening 88 for the upper part of the body of the operator. Atthe front and sides of said opening, an upwardly projecting shield 89 is provided to protect the operator; the same being provided with windows of glass or other transparent material at its front and sides. The

foot. levers S6. 86. for the two automatic icontrolling devices are located one at each side of and below the seat 87. so that the feet of the operator can be easily applied to said foot lever.

Devices are provided for operating autoarea. to an extent required to permit the ap- 5 t matically the movable sections 55. 58. 58.

paratus to regain its normal position. and t that the openings in such wmg will be closed v as soon as such normal position is reached.

{of the horizontal rudder and tail member, i correspomling in some respects with the dcfvices hcreinbet'ore described for actuating ithe shutters of the lateral wing members, iand embracing a single motor adapted to give mpvement to said movable sections 5:). 5s, 5s m nmson. so as to decrease the area iot' the horizontal rudder at the same time t that the area of the. tail member is increased. and vice versu. Referring now to the par- ;ticular construction shown in these last namcd devices, 90 indicates a horizontally int-ranged power cylinder (shown in plan view m Fig. 10), which is located within the tulmlar body 5 with its central axis cx-i tending in a direction longitmlinally of the;

machine. Said cylinder 90 is provided with a piston, piston rod and controlling valve. These parts are constructed in the same manner as in the case. of the cylinder 6."), hcreinbcfore described, and are not. therefore shown in detail in the drawings. The piston rod belonging to the cylinder 90, indicated by 91 in the drawings, passes through both ends of said cylinder 90. At

its forward end said piston rod is connected by a universal joint 92 with the endwise. movable operatin rod 56, by which themovable section 5:) of the horizontal rudder.

18 is actuated. The rear end of said piston rod 91, as clearly seen in Fig. 2, is extended upwardly at the rear of the operators seat 87 and then horizontally near the top of the body 5, the same being supported in guides 94,95. At its rear end said rod 91 18 connected with the upper cml of a vertically arranged lever 96, which is pivoted;

between its ends to a bracket 97. attached to an upright frame member 98, located mi the rear part of the body 5. 'lheforward end of the operating rod 59, for the movable 5 sections 58, 58 of the tail member, is extcnded through a guide 99 on the standard 98,

and is pivotally connected with the lower eml of the lever 96, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. From the construction described in these parts, it will be. seen that when the piston rod 91 is moved forwardly and backwardly, the forward and rear movable sections 55, 58, 58 will be correspondingly moved or shifted, but in reverse directions,

that is to say, when the area of the forward plane is increased, that of the rear plane will be diminished, and vice versa. Compressed air is supplied to the valve chest of the cylinder 90 by a branch pipe from the supply pipe 70.

Now referring to the construction of the idevices for controlling the admission of compressed air to the opposite. ends of the cylinder 90. these are constructed as follows: 1

The valve rod 100 of the cylinder 90 extends thron' h the ends of the valve chest. of said Y cylinder, and at its forward end said valve rod extends to a point adjacent. to one of the controlling weights 76. An operating rod 101 IS arranged iarallel with the valve rod at its rear end with the rear end of said valve rod by a-rocking rains is tilted sidewise. To provide for proper operation of said weights on the rods ttltt and Hit, the valve rod ltltl is provided with a laterally extended arm ltlii extending at the rear of one of the weights 71;, while the rod 101 is provided with a like arm ttH extending horizontally forward of the other weight 76. From this construction it will be understood that one of the said weights will operate on the valve rod ltlt to shift the valve forwardly, while the other wei' ht will act on the rod 101 to shift the valve in the same direction.

spring 105 shown as having the form of a coiled spring. acting by contraction, is applied to act. in the valve stem 100 in a direction to hold the valve normally at the rearward limit. of its movement, so that. in the final operation of the apparatus, compressed air in the forward end of the cylinder will hold the iiston and piston rod at the rearward limit of the movement thereof, with the movable section 5;"), of the horizontal rudder, in its closed position, and the movable sections 58, 58 of the tail member retracted or drawn,inwardly.

in the operation of these devices it will be understood that, if the apparatus be thrown in an inclined position with its forward end downwardly, one 'of the weights Tti acting forwardly on the arm 104 of the. rod 101 will shift. the valve of the cylinder 90 forwardly so as to admit. compressed air to the rear cml of the cylinder, with the effect. of moving the piston rod 91 forwardly thereby shifting the movable section 55 in a direction to uncover the opening in the forward plane and decrease the area thereof, while at the same time shifting the rear operating rod 59 rearwardly with the ell'ect of throwing outwardly the movable sections 59. 5S and increasing the area of the rear plane. Similarly. if the apparatus is thrown to an abnormal angle with its forward end lifted and its rear end depressed, the. other weight Tti will swing rearwardly and. acting on the arm 103 of the valve rod 100 to shift said rod forwardly thereby also admitting air to the rear end of the cylinder 90, with the result of moving the piston rod at in the same direction. to decrease the area i of the forward plane and increase the area of the rear plane. in both cases, one of the weights 76 acts on the valve in opposition to the tension of the spring 105. which latter 5 when the apparatus resumes its horizontal Lratus will be automatically maintained in or normal position. restores the valve to its rearward position. with the result of admitting air to the forward end of the cylinder and restoring to their normal positions the shifting sections of the horizontal rudder and tail member. liy the operation of the parts last described, therefore, the appaits horizontal position or at any inclination; into \\'ltl(.ll it. may be thrown by the operator! through the tipping or tilting of the hori-i zoutal rudder 18, without any attention out the partof the operator; the weights 76,76: O)(.l'i\l.lll,' on the valve. of the cvlinder to I a give motlon to the piston rod .21 in a direction to enlarge the area of the tall membem 3 and decrease the area of the horizontal rudder, as required to give an increased upward or downward air u'essure on the tail member and a decreased upward or downward air pressure. on the horizontal rudder as required to restore the apparatus, when its equilibrium has been disturbed bv the action of irregular upwardly or down-. wardly moving air currents thereon.

horizontal rudder and tail member, the

movable sections thereof stand normally in 1 position to give a maximum area in the horizontal rudder and a minimum area in the tail member, and when the rear end of the apparatus is thrown up or down, the area of the horizontal .rudder is decreased, while. the area of the tail member is correspondingly decreased, so that the air pressure due to the rapid forward movement of the apparatus, will act on said tail member with enhanced effect to restore the a paratus to its horizontal position or norma position with respect to the line of flight. it being oft course understood that the actual inclination of the apparatus is at all times controlled by manipulation of the horizontal rudder, as required for the purpose of steering the apparatus upwardly or downwardly.

As before described, the later l wing.

members are provided at. their outer ends" with the pivoted planes 50, 50 which are controlled by the operator to maintain the equilibrium of the apparatus through the action of the air on said pivoted planes in the forward movement of the apparatus. For this purpose said )l\'t)t((l planes are so connected with each other that they will be returned or rotated to a corresponding extent in opposite directions when moved by the operator. As before stated. said pivoted planes are operated by rock shafts 52 which extend through the wall of the body 5 to the interior of the same. Said rock shafts. as

clearly seen in Figs. and 4, are provided at their inner ends with gear pinions 110.

' 110, that intermeah with the opposite sides of ';a gear heel lll, mounted on {cal steering rudder 20, an upright shaft. ll-t is mounted on the. frame of the apparatus in front of the operators seat. St, and

is provided at its upper end with a steering wheel 11?. At its lower end said shaft. IN is provided with a wheel or pulley llti, around which pass the two cords or wires ill, 43, that, as before stated, are attached to the. arms 42 on the rudder shaft. 40 and extend llierefl'om forward into the body of the apparatus.

'lhe propelling mechanism Illustrated emranged shafts 20, 120 located at the opposite sides of the rear portion of the hollow body 5 and the rear extension 7 thereof, and carrying at their rear ends propellers 121, 121. Said shafts 120, 120 are mounted in bearings at the outer ends of outwardly -extending brackets 122, 12?. attached to the body 5 of the apparatus. The engine or main motor 125 of the apparatus is mounted in the interior of the hollow body 5, at the lower part of the same, with its crank shaft 126 extending lengthwise of the body. For driving the propeller shafts 19.0, 120 from said motor shaft 126, the latter is provided on its rear end with two fixed belt pulleys 121', 127, while the shafts 120, 120 are provided at their rear ends with belt pulleys 128, 128, severally arranged in the vertical planes with the )ulleys 127, 127. Drivin belts 129 trained around the pulleys 124 and 12S serve to transmit. motion from the crank shaft to the propeller shafts. Said belts pass over guide pulleys or idlers 130, 130, which are mounted in brackets attached to the inner surface of the body 5; the said belts passing through holes in the shell, in the manner illustrated. Air may be compressed within the reservoir 9 by means of an air pump 131 operated by an eccentric 132 on the crank shaft. 126 of the motor.

1 The body or tubular shell 5 of the apparatus not only constitutes an inelosure for t the motor and principal operating parts del seribed. but its lower part is made cont-inl uous or without openings so that said body serves, like the hull of a boat, to support. the apparatus by flotation in case it should deseend upon the water. By reason of the fact that. the tubular sheet metal body 5 is (substantially larger at its middle part than tat its ends, and the. taper thereof toward its lends is considerable, the said body may be adapted to support the weight of the appalratus in the water, without submergence of {the more lightly constructed end portions 6 .and 7 of the same.

braces two horizontal, longitudinally ar-.

.141, that when the wing rises and falls, an

l have shown the shell as provided in its; bottom with a tloor 133 on which the motor-; 125 rests. I have also shown the shell asi provided on the central part of its bottom; with a depending tin or keel 134, adapted to keep the apparatus in straight, course when resting and moving upon the water; the,

propellers being so located as to extcnd downward into and operate in the waterl when the apparatus is lloating on the same.

For operating the forward horizontal. rudder, to throwthe forward end of the apparatus upwardly to etlect the. rise and descent of the same, the operating rod 31 is extended to and connected at its rear end with an operating lever 13:), located forward of the operators seat 87, said lever being irovi'ded with means such as that shown, for l ocking or holding it in any iosition to which it may be moved or shitted.

In Fig. 1G I have shown a modified form of controlling means for the power cylinder (35, through the medium of which the shutters on each wing are operated. In this instance, the body 5 has on each side of the j same an outwardly extending. generally horizontal, auxiliary or controlling wing 140. Said wing is pivotally connected at its inner end by a horizontal, longitudinally arranged pivot 141, with the body Said wing 140 15, moreover, connected with the valve rod 73 of the cylinder 65, by means of a link 1 12, so arranged with respect to the pivot endwise movement will be given to the valve rod. A contractile, coiled spring 143 is connected with the wing and the body 5 in such manner as to normally hold the wing from rising, and to retain the valve at. the outer limit of its stroke, while maintainin, air pressure in the inner end of the cylinder. The auxiliary wings arranged as described give generally the same etIect as the controlling w'eight mechanism hereinbefore described, it being obvious that any upward air current that will tend to disturb the equilibrium of the apparatus by acting upwardly on one of the main wing members. will act: on the auxiliary wing H0 at the same side of the'apparatus, to lift the same and etIect the opening of the shutters of that wing member; it being understood that. the auxiliary wing members will be very delicately balanced, so that they will be. moved to an extent required to operate the valves by a very slight wind pressure.

In Fig. 17 I have shown a tnodiiied form of the devices for operating the shutters of the lateral wing members. embracing power cylinders or motors. controlled or set in operation by a weight.' Referring to the device for operating the shutters of one of the wing members. 150 indicates a power cylinder arranged in an upright position and having a piston-rod lot, provided at its upper end with a toothed rack 152. A hori- Aolitul shaft 153 is mounted on a bracket 151 i secured to the inner taco of the body.5, near its top. h'aid shaft carries two ll 'ltlly connected gear-wheels 155 and 156. 1512 interineshes with the gear-wheel 155i and a toothed rack-bar 157 connected with the lhe rack inner end of the operating rod -17, meshes E with the gear-wheel lot). The valve-rod 158 of the cylinder 150 is connected with the horizontal arm of a hell-crank lever 1 'i0,j having a depending or vertical arm with i which is connected a contractile, coiled spring lt'il. Said spring holds the valve. of the cylinder normally at the lower end of its throw, so that. pressure from the air supply pipe 162 acts normally in the lower end of the cylinder to keep the piston rod at the j upward limit of its stroke, and the shutters connecting members, when the weight is at its central position on the guide-rod, arci slack, or hang loosely. In the operation of this device, when the apparatus is tipped i laterally. the weight lti-t slides on the rod, and, exerting a pull on one of the bell-cranklevcrs, operates the same and the valve there- I to connected, so as to admit air to the upper end of the. cylinder at the then higher side described and shown may be variously modified in practice without departure from my invention. and I do not therefore desire to except so far as such features may be herein claimed as parts of my invention.

I elann as my iuvention:

of the apparatus, with the etlect of opening he limited to the specitici features illustrated 2 1. In an apparatus for aerial flight, the

combination with lateral wing members, of

lfilltllltg sections mounted on said wing iueinibcrs and movable in the planes of the same 3 to increase and decrease the area thereof,said lsliding sections when in normal position atftll't llllg maximum area in said wing ineinthem. and actuating means operating autotinatieally through the lateral tipping of the lappaiatiis and acting separately on the slid- ,ing sections of each wing member; said acltuating means for each sliding section operating to shift said sliding section in a di- Irection to decrease the supporting area of its position in a direction to depress said wing member.

- automatically through the lateral tipping of the apparatus, and acting separately on the l sliding shutter of each wing member; said i actuating means for each shutter operating 1 to shift said shutter in a direction toward associated wing member when the. apparatus, is tilted laterally from itshorizonhil positionf; in a direction to elevate said wing niemberflg to restore said sliding section to its normal )osition when the apparatus returns to itsl iorizontal position mid to maintain said sliding section in its normal position when the apparatus is tilted from its horizontal 2. In an apairatus for aerial flight, thecombination with lateral wing members provided with openings, of sliding shutters on said wing members normally closing said openings and actuating means operating its open position when the apparatus is tilted laterally from its horizontal position in a direction to elevate the wing member carrying the shutter, to restore said shutter to its closed )osition when the apparatus resumes its horizontal )osition and to maintain said shutter in its closed position when the appal ratus is tilted laterally from its horizontal position in a direction to depress said wing' member.

3. In an apparatus for aerial flight, the combination with lateral wing members, of sliding sections mounted on said wing inemhers and movablein theplane of thesame to. increase and decrease the area thereof, said ll'roui its horizontal position in a direction fto elevate the wing member carrying said jishutter, to restore said shutter to its normal iosition when the apparatus is returned to ills horizontal position aml to maintain the ishutter in its normal position when the upiaratus is tilted from its horizontal position in a direction to depress said wing member. I. In an apparatus for aerial llight, the ltftillllilllillliill with lateral wing members each provided with an opening, of sliding lslnitters mounted on said wing members and lmovable in the planes of the same, a motor for actuating each of said shutters, each of lsaid motors embracing a power cylinder, a lpiston having operative connection with the ishntter, a controlling valve, and a movably linounted weight acting to operate the controlling valve of said motor, said weight being arranged to so act on the controlling valve that. when the apparatus is in its horizontal position, or tilted laterally from its horizontal position in a direction to depress the wing carrying said shatter, the shutter :will be maintained in its normal or closed position, when the apparatus is tilted latergally in a direction from its horizontal posi- .tion to elevate said wing member, said shutter will be moved from its normal'toward its opeirposition, and when said wing member descends, as the apparatus is restored to its horizontal position, said shutter will be moved toward its closed position.

6. In an apparatus for aerial flight, the combination with lateral wing members prosliding sections when in normal position af- 3 fording maximum area in said wing members, a motor for actuating the sliding section on f vidcd with openings, of sliding shutters on said wing members, normally closing said each winguicniber, and controllingmeans for each motor embracing a movably mounted weight; each motor aml its controlling means operating to shift the sliding section operated thereby from its normal position when the ap niratus is laterally tilted from its horizontal position in a direction to elevate the wing member carrying said section, to restore said sliding section to its normal iosition when the apparatus returns to its iorizontal position aml to maintain said sliding section in its normal position when the apparatus is tilted laterally from its horizontal position in a direction to depress said wing members.

4. In an apparatus for aerial flight. the combination with lateral wing members each provided with an opening. of sliding shutters mounted on said wing members and 'movable in the planes of the same, two motors separately actuating said shutters and two moi-ably mounted weights separately controlling the action of said motors. each motor and weight acting to shift the shutter connected therewith from its normal iosition when the apparatus is laterally tilted openings, two motors for actuating said sliding shutters, each motor embracing a power cylinder, a piston and a controlling valve, and two movably mounted weights for actuating said valves, said valves being normally in position to maintain pressure i on the pistons in a direction to hold the shutters in closed position, and each weight being adapted, when the apparatus is tilted laterally in one direction, to shift from its ;normal position the valve of its associated cylinder, to open the shutter of one of the wing members, aml when the apparatus is restored to its horizontal position, to restore said valve to its normal position, for closing said shutter.

7. In an apparatus for aerial flight, the combination with lateral wing members, of sliding sections mounted on said win members aml adapted to increase and de {crease the area thereof, said sliding sections being normally in position to give maxiymum area to said wing members, two inot'ors for actuating said sliding sections, each motor embracing a power cylinder, a H'HStOII and a controllin valve, and two :'movably mounted weights for separately /e0/5o e actuating said valves, each of said valves'; being normally in position to maintaini pressure on its associated piston in a direction to hold its associated sliding section in normal position, two operating rods eonnectcd with said valves and provided each with two arms extending into the path of its associated weight, at. opposite sides of the. latter, and each weight acting through its associate rod, when the :ppariitus is tilted laterally from its horizontal position in a direction to elevate its associated wing; member, to shift from its normal position= its associated motor, thereby etlceting movement of the sliding section thereof in a direction to decrease the area of said wing member. and also acting when the apparatus returns to its horizontal position to restore said valve to its normal position thereby etlccting movement of said sliding section in a direction to increase the area of said wing member.

8. In an apparatus for aerial flight, the. combination with lateral wing. members, of sliding sections mounted on said wing members and adapted to increase and decrease. the area thereof, said sliding sections bt ing normally in position to give maximum area to said wing members, two motors for actuating said sliding sections, each motor embracing a power cylinder, a piston, and a controlling valve, a valve operating rod, a motion reversing lever connecting said operating red with the valve, and two movably mounted weights for separately actuating said valves. each valve operating rod being provided with two arms extending at opposite sides of its associated weight and adapted to be acted upon by said weight when the latter is moved away. from and] back to its normal position, each of said-l valves being normally in osition to main-i tain pressure on its associated piston in a direction to hold its associated sliding section in its normal position, and each weight acting through its associated rod, when the apparatus is tilted laterally from its horizontal position in a direction to elevate the associated wing member, to shift from its normal position the valve of its associated cylinder, thereby shifting its associated sliding section in a direction to decrease the area of said wing member and also acting through said rod, when the apparatus is restored to its horizontal position, to restore said valve to its normal position, thereby efl'eeting the shifting of said sliding section in a direction to decrease the area of said wing member.

9. In an apparatus for aerial flight, the combination with wing members provided each with a movable section, of actuating means for the movable section of each win i embracing a power cylinder arranged wit 1 lits central axis horizontal and transversely inf the apparatus. ii piston and piston-rod, an nprhrht rocking lever connected at its lower eml with said piston rod and at its upper end with the movable section, a controlling valve for the power cylinder, a \alve actuating rod arranged parallel 'with the piston, a motion reversing lever connecting said rod with the. controlling valve,

' tion for giving maximum area to said wing member and to shift said movable section away from and toward its normal position to lessen and increase the area of said wing member, aiul means for automatically controlling the operation of said motor, embracing a laterally movable weight and a transvcrsely arranged endwisc movable rod ;provided with lateral arms extending atopposite sides of the weight, said arms being so located relatively to the weight that the weight will normally hold the rod in position to prevent operation of the motor, and will, when moved laterally from and toward its normal position by the tilting of the apparatus fiioni its horizontal position in a direction to elevate the wing member associated with said weight, act on said rod to shift the same for placing the motor in operation. said motor acting, when the rod is moved in one direction, to shift the movable section in a direction to decrease the area of the wing member, and, when the rod is moved in the opposite direction, to shift the said section in a direction to decrease the area of said movable section.

11. In an apparatus for aerial flight, the combination with lateral wing members, each provided with a sliding section adapted when moved to increase or decrease the area of the wing member, a iower cylinder provided with a piston ant with a piston-rod, which is connected with and aetiiates said sliding section. a controlling valve for said cylinder, and endwisc movable, horizontal,

'tran versely arranged actuating rod eonneeted with said valve, and a movably mounted weight adapted to act. on said rod to give endwisc movement. to the same; the

. said controlling valve and operating rod being normally in position or maintaining and a niovably mounted weight, said operatpressure on the piston in a direction to hold the movable section in its closed position and the said weight. and operating rod being so arranged that the rod and controlling valve will be shifted by the weight, when the sam is tnoved lateral y from its normal position, into position for moving the piston in a direction to open the sliding section, and will be again shifted by said weight when the latter returns to its normal position, into osition to give pressure on the piston in a d1rec-, tion to hold the sliding section in its closed; position. 3

[9. in an apparatus for aerial tlight, thel combination with lateral wing members pro-t vided with openings, sliding shutters on said; wing members for closing said openings. pivotally mounted controlling planes locnted at the outer ends'of said wing members,-, means operating through lateral tipping oft the a )paratus for automatically actuating; sa-id sltutters, and manually operated means for actuating said controlling planes.

13. In an apparatus for aerial tlight, the, combination with lateral wing members provided each with a plurality of o )enings, sliding shutters on said wing members ap-; plied to even and close at least one of the. openings in each wing member, pivotallyi mounted controlling planes mounted withinl at least one of the openings in each wingi member, means operating automaticallyt through the laterally tipping of the apparatus for automatically actuating saidshut-l ters, and manually operated means for actu-i ating said controlling planes. 3 1-1. In an apparatus for aerial flight, the; combination with lateral wing members prof vided with openings, slidin r shutters on said I wing members normally chising said openings, pivotally mounted controlling planes on said wing members, means operating through the lateral tipping of the apparatus acting separately on the slnttters of the wing members to automatically open the shutter on that one of the wing members which is elevated in the tipping of the apparatus and manually operable means connected with the controlling planes on the opposite wing members and acting to tttrn the same simultaneously, and to an equal extent, in opposite directions.

1.). In an apparatus for aerial tlight, the combination with lateral wing members, of a forward horizontal rudder, and a horizontal tail member, said rttdder and tail member being provided with sliding sections adapted to increase and decrease the areas thereof, and means for actuating said sliding sections adapted to increase the area of the tail member when that of the horizontal rudder is decreased.

10. In t.n apparatus for aerial flight, the combination with lateral wing members, of

a forward horizontal rudder provided with an opening thcrcin, a sliding section normally covering said opening, a horizontal tail member, two laterally movable. sliding sections mounted on said tail member and 1 adapted to increase and decrease the width slidingsection acting on the same in a untitnet to shift. the sliding section on the horion the tail member are extended to increase the area thereol'.

IT. in an apparatus for aerial llight, the combination with lateral wing members, of a torward horizontal rudder, a horizontal tail member, sliding sections mounted on said rudder and tail member, and movable in the planes thcreot to increase and decrease the area of the same, a motor applied to actuate said sliding sections, adapted to so move or shift the same that the. area of the rudder will be dccreastul when that of the tail member is itttfttur'etl, and tncans toautomaticall v controlling said motor operated by the :tipping or tilting of the apparatus. and acting to move said sliding sections in a direction to decrease the area of the. rudder and !increase that ot' the horizontal rear plane, ,when the rear end of the apparatus is either l elevated or depressed from its normal position.

In. in an apparatus for aerial Night, the combination with lateral wing members, of a horlzontal tail member, a sliding section on said tail tnember, adapted when moved to increase and decrease the area thereof, :1 cyltinder provided with a piston, a piston-rod land a controlling valve, the piston-rod havf ing actuating connection with said sliding section, and means for operating the con- ,trolling valve embracing a spring which tends to hold the valve. normally in position to maintain pressure on the piston in a di- .rect.ion to keep the sliding section retracted, fand two movably mounted weights adapted 'to act on said valve, against the action of said spring, to shift the same from its normal position when the rear end of the appa- .ratus is either elevated or depressed from its .tttltltlttl position.

It). In an apparatus for aerial tlight, the combimttion with lateral wing members, of a horizontal tail member, a sliding section on ;said tail member, a power cylinder provided ;with a piston. a piston rod and a controlling ,valve, an endwise sliding rod attached to the ,valve, a. second endwise sliding rod, conjnected with tltc. valve by a pivoted 'motion reversing lever, a spring applied to hold said vvalve at one limit of its throw, and two movnbly mounted weight-s, said rods being provided with lateral arms, one located in trout of one, and the other at the rear of the other, of said weights.

zoutal rudder in a direction to uncover the opening llttlt'tll when the. sliding sections j of the same, and means for actuating said 7 a being provided with sliding seetions adapt.-

piston rod aml a controlling valve, said pissliding section on the horizontal rndde' and said frame, said rudder being provided with rudder being provided with two parallel, lateral frame members extending forwardlv guide rooves on their inner the sliding sections on both the horizontal I rudder and tail member, and means actuated 5 apparatus from its normal position, for op- T means operated by the tilting of the apparatns from its normal position for aetnating combination with the frame of theappai'atus. of lateral wing members, a norizontal rudder pivotally mounted to swing on a I,

20. In an apparatus for aerial flight, the eomblnation with lateral wing members, of a forward horizontal rudder, and a horizontal tail member, said rudder and tail me'iuher ed to increase. and decrease. the areas thereof, a power cylinder provided with a piston, a

ton rod having operative eonneetion with by the rising or fallinget' the rear end of the 1 said valve, said histon rod extending through both ends of the cylinder, aml henig extended forwardly for connection with the rearwardly for connection with the sliding seetion on the tail member. 29. In an apparatus for aerial flight, the

transverse axis at, the forward embof the a rectangular opening, and a sliding shutter on said rudder for closing said opening, said from its pivotal axis and provided with aees to receive 3 the site margins of said shutter. i

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention I atlix my signature in the presence of two witnesses, this 24th day of larch A. D. 1911.

YVES HOLLAND. Witnesses S. B. Muanocic,

P. H. ALFREDS. 

